Economy of Congo, The Democratic Republic of the

The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has declined drastically around the 1980s, despite being home to vast potential in natural resources and mineral wealth; their gross domestic product is $69.474 billion as of 2023.

Top Sectors in Congo, The Democratic Republic of the

Fishing in Congo, The Democratic Republic of the

The Democratic Republic of Congo also possesses 50 percent of Africa's forests and a river system that could provide hydro-electric power to the entire continent, according to a United Nations report on the country's strategic significance and its potential role as an economic power in central Africa. Fish are the single most important source of animal protein in the DRC.

Exploitation of mineral substances by companies in Congo, The Democratic Republic of the

The economy of the second largest country in Africa relies heavily on mining. The Congo is the world's largest producer of cobalt ore, and a major producer of copper and industrial diamonds. The Congo has 70% of the world's coltan, and more than 30% of the world's diamond reserves, mostly in the form of small, industrial diamonds. The coltan is a major source of tantalum, which is used in the fabrication of electronic components in computers and mobile phones. In 2002, tin was discovered in the east of the country, but, to date, mining has been done on a small scale. Manono in Central DRC has a significant deposit of lithium and tin with tantalum and niobium and is being developed by an Australian company. Production is expected in 2023.

Copper and cobalt in Congo, The Democratic Republic of the

Katanga Mining Limited, a London-based company, owns the Luilu Metallurgical Plant, which has a capacity of 175,000 tonnes of copper and 8,000 tonnes of cobalt per year, making it the largest cobalt refinery in the world.

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the - Key Economic Indicators

Exports and Imports

The DRC's exports are dominated by minerals, particularly copper and cobalt, crucial for the global tech industry. In 2023, exports were estimated at $28.5 billion. Imports, including food, fuel, and manufactured goods, are valued at around $18 billion. This ongoing trade surplus helps generate revenue, but economic diversification remains a goal.

Balance of Trade

The DRC enjoys a trade surplus, meaning the value of exports exceeds imports. This surplus is driven by high global demand for minerals, particularly cobalt, a key component in electric vehicle batteries. However, the reliance on a few mineral exports makes the economy vulnerable to price fluctuations.

Infrastructure Development

Infrastructure development in the DRC lags behind its resource potential. The total road network is estimated at around 150,000 kilometers as of 2024, but a significant portion (around 70%) is unpaved and in poor condition. The World Bank recently approved a $200 million loan to support road rehabilitation projects in the DRC. Investments are also underway to improve access to electricity, with a focus on renewable energy sources like hydropower.

Fiscal Policy

The DRC government prioritizes increasing revenue and improving social services. The 2024 budget allocates significant resources to infrastructure development (around $10 billion), healthcare, and education (with a goal of increasing primary school enrollment).

Monetary Policy

The Central Bank of Congo (BCC) manages monetary policy to control inflation (around 11% in 2023) and maintain financial stability. They utilize tools like interest rate adjustments and reserve requirement ratios. As of May 2024, the benchmark interest rate is set at 8%.

Trade Agreements

The DRC participates in regional trade agreements like the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The DRC is exploring potential trade agreements with other countries to diversify its export base and attract foreign investment.

Tax system

Capital gains tax: Information on a dedicated capital gains tax in the DRC is limited. Capital gains might be taxed as regular income.
Corporate tax rate: The standard corporate tax rate in the DRC is currently 30%. However, there are variations for specific sectors and incentives to attract investment: (i) Mining companies may benefit from a reduced corporate tax rate (around 25%) during their initial years of operation. (ii) Special Economic Zones (SEZs) might offer even lower corporate tax rates to attract foreign businesses.
Sales tax (VAT): The DRC has a Value Added Tax (VAT) system with a standard rate of 18%. Basic necessities may have a lower VAT rate or be exempt.
Property tax: Property taxes exist in the DRC, but details on specific rates and exemptions are scarce. Rates likely vary depending on property type, location, and value.
Payroll tax: The DRC has a social security contribution system funded by both employers and employees. The exact contribution rate can vary depending on the benefits included, but estimates suggest a total rate between 16% and 20% of an employee's salary, split between the parties.
Tax burden: The overall tax burden in the DRC is considered moderate for businesses due to the 30% corporate tax rate.

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Democratic Republic of the Congo

27 May 2025

10 Jun 2025